International Sports Sciences Association (ISSA) Trainer Practice Exam

Which hormonic classification is known for influencing body metabolism?

1. Sugars

2. Steroids

3. Amino-acid derivatives

4. Proteins

The correct answer is: Steroids

The classification of steroids is known for its significant influence on body metabolism. Steroid hormones, such as cortisol and testosterone, play crucial roles in a variety of metabolic processes, including the regulation of glucose levels, fat distribution, and the breakdown of proteins. Cortisol, for instance, helps to maintain blood sugar levels during times of stress and influences carbohydrate metabolism, while testosterone can affect muscle mass and strength, thus impacting overall energy expenditure and metabolic rate. Steroid hormones are derived from cholesterol and are lipophilic, allowing them to pass through cell membranes and bind to specific receptors inside the target cells. This binding leads to genomic responses that result in the modulation of gene expression, affecting processes such as metabolism, immune function, and inflammation. On the other hand, the other hormone classifications, such as sugars, amino-acid derivatives, and proteins, do have metabolic effects but do not classify as hormones primarily influencing metabolism in the same direct way that steroid hormones do. For instance, amino-acid derivatives like epinephrine can affect energy use in the short term, while proteins can serve as structural components and enzymes but are not hormones themselves. Thus, steroids stand out as a key category specifically recognized for their extensive roles in governing metabolic processes within the body