International Sports Sciences Association (ISSA) Trainer Practice Exam

Which are the two most common physiological markers of overtraining?

1. Cardiovascular and respiratory overtraining

2. Sympathetic and parasympathetic overtraining

3. Muscular and metabolic overtraining

4. Cognitive and emotional overtraining

The correct answer is: Sympathetic and parasympathetic overtraining

The identification of sympathetic and parasympathetic overtraining as the two most common physiological markers emphasizes the balance between the body's stress response and recovery mechanisms. Sympathetic overtraining is characterized by an increased activation of the sympathetic nervous system, often leading to heightened heart rate, elevated blood pressure, and increased levels of cortisol, which can indicate a state of stress or fatigue due to excessive training without adequate rest. On the other hand, parasympathetic overtraining involves a reduced ability of the parasympathetic nervous system to promote recovery, which is typically associated with lower heart rate variability. This can suggest that the body is struggling to return to a state of homeostasis after intense training bouts. Together, these markers highlight the importance of the autonomic nervous system's role in managing stress and recovery, providing a comprehensive insight into the physiological impacts of overtraining. This understanding is crucial for trainers to recognize and prevent overtraining in athletes, ensuring they balance their training intensity with appropriate recovery strategies.